This study investigates the preparation and surface modification of polylactic acid (PLA) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites at weight ratios of 0, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Before in vitro tests, surface of composites were modified using sodium hydroxide solution 1 M for one hour. Viability, adhesion, and morphology of PC-12 cells were analyzed directly on the composites’ surfaces. The results indicated that the PLA/rGO composite incorporated 2% rGO showed the highest cell viability compared to the composites incorporating 0.5% and 3% rGo in first day of culture. By day 3, all the composite samples maintained acceptable cell viability; while the PLA/rGO 2% demonstrated maximum cell viability after 7 days, underscoring its effectiveness in promoting cell survival. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant surface porosity and roughness after surface modification, which corresponded with enhanced cell adhesion and spreading of PC-12 cells. These results underscore the beneficial impact of surface modification on the biological properties of PLA/rGO composites, indicating their promising potential in neural tissue